A sensor network is a network of interconnected sensors that collect and transmit data from the physical world to a central location for analysis. These sensors can be deployed in various environments, such as industrial settings, environmental monitoring, healthcare, and smart cities, to gather information on temperature, pressure, humidity, motion, and other variables. Sensor networks are typically composed of small, low-cost sensors that communicate wirelessly with each other and with a central processing unit. They are able to operate autonomously, making them ideal for monitoring and controlling complex systems in real-time. Research in sensor networks focuses on developing efficient and reliable communication protocols, energy-efficient sensor designs, data processing algorithms, and security mechanisms to ensure the accuracy and integrity of the data collected. Applications of sensor networks include environmental monitoring, surveillance, disaster management, and smart infrastructure.